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???????? ??????????? ? ?? ???? ????????????, ????, ????, ?? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ?????. ????? ????, ????, ?????, ????, ????, ?? ??, ??????, ?? ?????????? ???? ????????, ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????.
18??????? ?????????????? ??, ??????, ??????????, ???????? ??????????????. ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????????, ???? ????, ??? ????, ?????, ????????????????????????. ??? ???, ????, ?????, ??, ?? ??? ??, ????, ??????????? ???? ????????.
?????? ??????????? ????????. ?, ?????? ??? ????, ??? ???????? ??? ??, ?? ??? ????? ????, ??????????????, ?????????? ??, ?????????? ????????? ???·??? ?????????. ???? ??? 21???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????????????? ??????? ?????????.
?1?: ?????? ????
1.1 '??(Robot)'??? ?????? ????
'??'??? ??? ??? '???(robota)'?? ?????, ?? '?? ??', '??(役役)', ?? '?? ??'??????. ???? 1920??? ?? ?????(Karel ?apek)????? ?? 《R.U.R.(Rossum's Universal Robots)》???????????????. ??? ???? ??? ??????????, ????????, ?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????. ??????? ?????????, ???? ???????????????? ????????.
'??'??? ??? ?????????, ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????. ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????????????? ?????. ??? ???? ????, ???, ??????????? ???, ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ???????.
1.2 ?? ???????? (18?? ~ 1950?)
18???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ???? ????, ????, ????????? ???? ???? ????????????????. ??? ???? ???????? ????, ???? ????, ???????, ?????? ?? ??? ????????.
1942?, ??????? ?? ???????(Isaac Asimov)? ???????? ??? ?? '?? 3??'???????.
1. ??? ?????? ???? ???, ?? ???????????????????? ??????????.
2. ??? ?1??????? ?? ?, ???????????? ??.
3. ??? ?1?? ??2??????? ?? ?, ?????? ???? ??.
??????? ???????????? '?0??'???????. ?, ??? ?????? ???? ???, ?? ???????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ????. ??? ?????? ????????????????????????.
1950???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????????????. 1954?, ????????? ??(George Devol)? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????, ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?????.
1.3 ?????? ?? (1960? ~ 1980?)
1959?, ?? ??? ??????(Joseph Engelberger)? ????? ???????????????, 1961?????????????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????????????????? ?????.
1960??? 1970?? ????? ??? ???? ????????????????. ? 1?? ???? ???????, ?????? ???? ?????????, ????????????????. ??? ???????? ????? ??????????????????.
1980???? ??, ?, ????? ??? 2?? ????????????. ??? ???? ????? ??????????????????????????. ???????? ?? ??, ??, ?????????? ?????,
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?? ??, ????, ??????? ???????.
1.4 ?????? ?????? (1990? ~ 2010?)
1990?????????, ?? ??, ???????? ???????????? ??????. ??? ?? ??, ?? ??????????????? 3?? ????????? ????.
??, ??, ??? ???????????? ?????. ??? ??, ???, ???????? ??????????, ??? ???? ??? ???????????????, ??? ????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????.
2000???, ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????. ?????, ?????, ???????????????????. ????? ????????, ???, ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????.
1.5 ???????? ???? (2010? ~ ??)
2010???, ????, ???, ???????, 5G, ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????. ?????? ? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????. ??? ?????????, ??? ???????????, ?? ????, ??? ????????????.
?? ??, ????, ??????, ??????, ??????????????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????, ??? ???, ?????, ??????? ????????? ???????????.
?2?: ?????? ??
??? ????? ????? ????????. ??? ????, ????, ??? ??, ?? ????? ?????.
2.1 ????????? (?? ????)
???????, ?????, ???????? ??? ?????.
2.1.1 ?????
?? ?????? ???????????? ?????. ?????? ???????????(manipulator)??, ????????????????. ?? ???, ??? ???, ??? ?????, ?? ????????? ???.
?? ????? ????, ????, ????, ????, ????, ?????(palletizing) ??, ??????????. ??? ???????, ?? ????, ??? ???, ????, ????????????. ??? ?????, ???, ????????? ????????.